Giving in to Islamists didn’t save the Swedes
Last year, during the first Muhammad cartoons controversy, the Islamists staged an organized assault on the economies and interests of Denmark and Norway. Danish and Norwegian embassies in Iran, Syria and Lebanon were fire-bombed. Death threats were issued against the Danish artists who made the drawings and to the editors who published them. In Norway, the editor of the Christian weekly Magazinet had to live under round-the-clock police protection. Crowds armed with rocket-propelled grenades and automatic weapons attacked the base of Norwegian peacekeeping soldiers in Afghanistan. Consumer boycotts were organised in a series of Middle East countries. In Pakistan, offices of Danish and Norwegian businesses were vandalized. The day of the destruction of the Danish embassy in Beirut, the Secretary General of Hezbollah, Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, specified the mission of the Islamists as such:
“If a Muslim had executed the Fatwa against Salman Rushdie [who wrote the novel Satanic Verses] then none of those insolent people would have dared to debase Prophet Mohammed - not in Denmark, neither in Norway nor France ... If we now forgive, as we did after Salman Rushdie wrote the Satanic Verses, God only knows what they will do later.”
The strategy behind the attacks was clear: To intimidate and – if possible – kill Danish and Norwegian citizens associated with the publication of the cartoons. In the heat of the crisis, the Danish and Norwegian governments were under a certain amount of pressure. From countries like the UK and the US there was not much support to gain. (No major American or British newspaper would reprint the drawings.) In the end of February 2006, the riots against the cartoons had left over 70 people dead worldwide: Bearing in mind the ability of Islamic fanatics to issue death threats and carry out assassinations, as with the attempt on the life of Norwegian publisher William Nygaard during the Rushdie-affair, combined with the general climate of suspicion between Muslims and the majority population in Denmark and Norway, there was a sense that the crisis was getting out of hand.
In the midst of this calamity, in February 2006, the Swedish nationalist party Sverigedemokraterna published the cartoons on their website. The Muhammad cartoons had not been published in Sweden before. There was a genuine fear that Sweden would also become a target for Islamist boycott actions – and possibly terrorism. Sweden, a country that has a history of neutrality – not partaking in the second world war and standing outside Nato (and even gaining the praise of Osama bin Laden in one of the al-Qaeda-leader’s rantings) – was not thrilled by the prospect of being included in what the Islamists consider to be a “Judeo-Christian Crusade against Islam.” The Swedish foreign minister, Laila Freialds, came up with a plan.
The Swedish Foreign Ministry and a representative of the security police (SÄPO) made phone calls to Sverigedemokraterna’s Internet hosting company Levonline and urged them to close down the party's web site. The message that was put across in these conversations was that the security of the employees of the webhost company “could not be guaranteed” as long as the Muhammed cartoons were accessible on Sverigedemokraterna’s site. The webhost closed the site, and a political storm followed. Eventually, Foreign Minister Laila Freivalds had to step down because of the scandal. Even though the actions of the Foreign Minister was a gross infringement of free speech, it apparently succeeded in keeping Sweden off the target list of the religious fanatics. In the weeks that followed, no specific threats were directed against the Swedes.
But in hindsight, how dismal does not that attempt to please the Islamists appear? In 2006, Foreign Minister Laila Freivalds and the security police went out of their way to act as the extended arm of religious fanatics by distributing death threats on their behalf. To no avail! Only a year later, in August 2007, a Swedish artist named Lars Vilks made some drawings of Muhammad, one of which was published in the Swedish newspaper Nerikes Allehanda. Suddenly Sweden is on al-Qaedas hit list. There is a £100.000 bounty set for the death of the artist, a reward which would be raised to £150.000 if Lars Vilks is “slaughtered like a lamb,” said the al-Qaeda audio message. The threat included a list of companies that should be boycotted in order to sabotage Sweden's economy.
On September 7, in a new, unnecessary Swedish manoeuvre to defuse tension, Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt invited ambassadors from 22 Muslim countries to talks: “Let me be the first to express regret that people have now been upset or offended,” he said. But in a democracy, people can express themselves freely, and the government does not have to express an opinion on all possible statements made within its borders: Would Prime Minister Reinfeldt have invited the Swedish gay community and ex-Muslim secularists to his office in order to express regret over the publication of the Qur'an in Sweden, a book that says that gays ought to be stoned and apostates slayed? Of course not, that would have been ridiculous.
The story of Foreign Minister Laila Freivalds’ attempt to keep Sweden from the Islamist hit list, reminds me of another account from recent Scandinavian history: Leo Trotsky’s short exile in Norway from 1935-36. Stalin expelled Trotsky from the Soviet Union in 1929. Trotsky had his share of responsibility for establishing the Communist dictatorship in Russia, but as a significant critic of Stalin 1930s he was still highly regarded by many Socialists. In Norway the revolutionary and his wife were invited to live at the house of parliamentarian Konrad Knudsen, not far from Hønefoss. In August 1936, there was a break-in at the house carried out by a group led by the Norwegian National Socialist and adventurer Per Imerslund, a member of a conspiracy-obsessed party named Norges Nasjonal-Socialistiske Arbeiderparti, NNSAP. (This party was a fascist party on the left who was in opposition to Quisling’s right-wing Nasjonal Samling which later would rule as Hitler’s proxy government under the occupation.) The group suspected Trotsky of secretly planning a revolution in Norway. The break-in was an attempt to gather evidence against him.
In the run-up to the election that fall, the right-wing press launched a campaign against the Social Democratic government for granting Trotsky an entry-visa. But the visa was also criticized from the other end of the political spectrum. The Moscow trials that same fall of 1936 had resulted in wires being sent from the Soviet dictatorship to the Norwegian Communist Party in order to enforce loyalty: Trotsky’s political activities in Norway should be sabotaged. The Norwegian Communists, who had initially welcomed him, now demanded that he be thrown out of the country. The Soviet Union threatened Norwegian commerce with a boycott if Trotsky was allowed to stay. Trotsky had become a sensitive issue for the government. To calm things, Trotsky and his wife were imprisoned by Norwegian authorities. As an “interned alien,” the government even refused them to take legal action to protect their rights.
In December 1936 he was deported from Oslo on the oil tanker Ruth to Mexico. Before he was thrown out of the country, Trotsky had a meeting with the Norwegian minister of justice, Trygve Lie. The minister said it was a mistake of the government to have granted Trotsky a visa. Trotsky set upon the government for surrendering to the threats made against it:
“You are paving the road for fascism. If the workers of Spain and France don’t save you, you and your colleagues will be émigrés in a few years like your predecessors, the German Social Democrats.”
For Trygve Lie, that outburst would probably have seemed outlandish. This was 1936. Norway was a neutral country with no enemies. There was peace between the great European powers. Nevertheless, a few years later, in the spring of 1940, the Nazis had indeed invaded Norway. The Norwegian government had to flee the country by boat to England, where it remained for the duration of the Second World War.
The mistreatment of Trotsky was somehow representative of Norwegian mentality before the Second World War. During the 1930s, Norway’s conservative and social democratic governments had avoided conflict with the rising fascist forces, and it had kept sound diplomatic relations with both the Soviet Union and Great Britain. Norway had been a neutral country, like Sweden is today. After being invaded by Nazi-Germany in May 1940, however, (an occupation which Sweden to a certain extent assisted by allowing Hitler’s troops to pass through its territory) Norway joined the Allies and later Nato. As I watched the different Norwegian and Swedish responses to the threats from the Islamists during the first Muhammad cartoons controversy, I had to wonder if not the Swedes had missed out on an important lesson from history.
One might as well confront the bullies straight away. Postponing a showdown with them often gives them an opportunity of gaining strength. After all, if one bears in mind the quote from Nasrallah, it seems obvious that the goal of the onslaught on Denmark and Norway was to manifest a relationship of power and submission. Nasrallah and his friends in al-Qaeda claimed to command authority over “one and a half billion Muslims.” There is really only one way of being certain of not becoming a target for Islamic terrorism: By submitting to the repeated demand to convert to mad-Islam. Ridding ourselves with our liberal democratic system and committing ourselves to superstitious beliefs might be a high price to pay, but we will achieve peace. That is an offer we should decline.